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What Exactly Is Redox Signaling Procedure And What Is Its Importance To The Human Body
Redox Signaling refers to the procedure in which free radicals, reactive oxygen species and other electronically activated radicals serve as messengers in the biological system. It's basically the process that exhibits how cells in our body respond to oxidants and free radicals. Redox signaling is a continuous and important process, through which human cells connect with each other and carry out vital body functions.
What are Redox Signaling Molecules?
There are two types of Signaling molecules - "activator" and "communicator". These 2 play the role of messengers and are responsible for the communication between cells throughout our body. Also called Signaling molecules, they switch on the body's antioxidant compounds - Glutathione, SOD and Catalase.
In simpler terms, Redox signaling molecules are elements that are produced naturally within each cell of the body. When the cells are necessary to perform many functions, they generate 2 kinds of signaling molecules.
The first set of "activator" molecules set off the antioxidants stored in the body. Antioxidants are very effective in fighting off the damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress; on the other hand they cannot function except if activated by the signaling molecules. Therefore you require the Redox signaling 'activator' molecules to make the antioxidants to work.
The second set of "communicator" molecules is responsible for enabling correct communication between the cells of the body, making sure optimum performance of the immune system and protecting the body against outside stimuli such as harmful bacteria, viruses etc. The millions of cells in our body are in a position to properly function and communicate because of the Redox signaling molecules.
Why is Redox signaling so essential?
Both the internal and external factors such as stress, toxic chemicals, poor nutrition, bacterial infections etc affect our health in an undesirable way. This causes significant cellular damage and a reduction in Redox signaling molecules. With out an adequate supply of Redox signaling molecules the immune system and antioxidants are unable to function effectively, contributing to a vast range of health ailments.
Scientists and scientists worldwide have been conducting several studies on the Redox signaling molecules to discover more about their structure, effect and function with respect to human health. Let's take a look at many of the popular studies on this subject:
Blue-eyed, White Cats are Deaf
Charles Darwin, the father of evolution had pointed out "white cats with blue eyes are almost deaf". He suggested that developmental issues with the nervous system might be the cause of deafness in the white, blue-eyed cats. But researchers think it has something to do with the Redox signaling process, as Central nervous system growth is a messenger-mediated process and so is the melanin synthesis.
Therefore an imbalance in the Redox signaling process leads to poor melanin synthesis (giving the cat its white color) and results in defective intra-cellular communication (causing hearing impairment).
Research by Hoffer and Osmond
The first instance of Redox processes being involved in cell signaling was given by Hoffer and Osmond. According to the Adrenochrome hypothesis, "psychoactive oxidative items of catecholamines (adrenochromes) play a role in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases". Although the proposed hypothesis still remains in question, the simple fact that messenger-mediated oxidative stress can lead to neuropsychiatric conditions, has been proven correct.
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